ANIMAL WELFARE
ANIMAL WELFARE Animal welfare is the well-being of non-human animals . Formal standards of animal welfare vary between contexts, but are debated mostly by animal welfare groups, legislators, and academics. [1] [2] Animal welfare science uses measures such as longevity , disease , immunosuppression , behavior , physiology , and reproduction , [3] although there is debate about which of these best indicate animal welfare. Respect for animal welfare is often based on the belief that nonhuman animals are sentient and that consideration should be given to their well-being or suffering , especially when they are under the care of humans. [4] These concerns can include how animals are slaughtered for food, how they are used in scientific research , how they are kept (as pets, in zoos, farms, circuses, etc.), and how human activities affect the welfare and surv...